Lecture 2 Bioremediation

Bacteria:
Cell structure
The size of Bacteria are ranged between 0.5 and 1.0 micron.cell wall is made up of peptido glycon(procaryotes).In gram negative bacteria a lipid layer is found over that.Which consists phospholipids,protein and lipo poly saccharides (LPS).

The Lps is also known as Endotoxins the outer membrane has some channels of protein called Porins which allows secretion of extracellular enzymes such as proteases, pectinases ans amylases.it also facilitate signal transduction.Beneath the cell wall is the cytoplasmic membrane and is composed primarily of protein and phospholipids.It act as a selective barrier for the penetration of water soluble molecules which allows entry and exit of nutrients and waste products. More importantly ATP is synthesized here. The enzymes present in the cytoplasmic membrane are involved in respiration and synthesis of cellular materials. Damage of membrane will cause death to an organism.
Eg. Bacillus, Pseudomonas
Viruses:
Acellular Microbes are called viruses.They are obligate,intracellular inhabitants means always need host for their replication.They do not possess any cytoplasm orcytoplasmic organells
Eg.TMV,PYV,Dengue virus

Bacterio phages:
Widely distributed in nature.Seen in water, soil, air,plants and animals which infect bacteria.It contains a head, neck, collar and tail with six spikes.These are extremely useful in bacteria identification and classification
Microbial metabolism:
Cell functions or undergo changes only due to metabolism or through chemical reactions.It includes all type of chemical reactions that take place within an organism
Anabolism:process by which chemicals coming from outside is utilized by the organism for their own biomass buildup after converting them into utilizable form .Which is otherwise known as biosynthesis
Catabolism: complex substances are broken down to simpler substances for their further utilization for energy generation.
Assignment:
What are Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins and Lipids